All of the homoptera are plant feeders, with mouthparts adapted for sucking plant sap from a wide assortment of trees and wild and cultivated plants. In addition, the embioptera and zoraptera are not discussed at all in. Therefore, the principal groups of insect parasitoids and predators provide details that refer to the entire class insecta. Hemiptera, known as true bugs, is a very large and diverse order. Definition of suborder homoptera in the dictionary. Based on your answers to the questions, you have identified your insect as being in the suborder heteroptera in the order hemiptera.
Insect orders introduction the class hexapoda is generally studied under a classi cation system with approximately 30 orders. Order hemiptera is the largest exopterygote order with 75,000 species the life cycle is hemimetabolous with 27 typically 5 instars. These insects are less than 5mm in length and almost all of them are flightless. The earlier work was based on nuclear dna, but more recent phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial dna suggest that homoptera. However, to an entomologist, a bug is one of the 35,000 or so species of the order hemiptera. Ppt homoptera powerpoint presentation free to view. Homopteran, order homoptera, any of more than 32,000 species of sucking insects, the members of which exhibit considerable diversity in body size. Today, most authorities have discarded the name homoptera altogether, and list four suborders within the order hemiptera. They form a pupal case, inside of which the pupae change in form and in color and develop wings. Hemiptera true bugs, stink bugs, shield bugs, squash bugs. Jan 23, 2020 although some homoptera are secondarily wingless, the majority have membranous or uniformly textured wings that fold tentlike over the body at rest. Most people tend to call anything with lots of legs a bug.
The defining feature of hemipterans is their possession of mouthparts where the mandibles and maxillae have evolved into a proboscis, sheathed within a modified labium to form a beak or rostrum which is capable of piercing tissues usually plant tissues and sucking out the liquids typically sap the forewings of hemiptera are either entirely membranous, as in. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Hemiptera suborder homoptera important carriers of plant diseases. Order hemiptera suborder homoptera ent 425 general. Peloridiidae in 1897 resulted in a 3suborder classification of homoptera. Details of insect taxonomic groups examples of beneficial species occur in almost every insect order, and considerable information on morphology and habits has been assembled. The psyllids superfamily psylloidea are small or very small insects that look like mini cicadas. Cicadoidea have an unusually highly arched thorax with very large muscles yellow, attached to a greatly enlarged mesonotal phragma. Entomologists group sawflies and horntails, which lack this characteristic, in the suborder symphyta.
The name refers to the true bugs forewings, which are hardened near the base and membranous near the ends. The coleorrhyncha is one of the four suborders of the hemiptera. The former approach was common in north american entomology. Homoptera is a suborder of order hemiptera that is considered by some taxonomists to be paraphyletic, and therefore deprecated obsolete. It was therefore split into the suborders sternorrhyncha, auchenorrhyncha, and coleorrhyncha. Cicadomorpha have a characteristic submarginal vein creating a membranous. Suborder sternorrhyncha, which includes the aphids, scale insects and whiteflies suborder coleorrhyncha, which is an unusual group of insects found in the southern hemisphere. Mouthparts type of legs, wings, antenna metamorphosis. Jumping homoptera utilize different muscles for example, the enlarged hind coxa blue of membracoidea contains an enlarged internal muscle deep green whereas other homoptera jump by muscles within the thorax. Hemiptera used to be divided into two groups, heteroptera true bugs and homoptera cicadas, leafhoppers, planthoppers, spittle bugs, aphids, psylloids, scale insects, and whiteflies, treated. Hemiptera, suborder heteroptera true bugs hemiptera, subover homoptera aphids, scale, hoppers lepidoptera butterflies, moths coleoptera beetles, weevils diptera flies, mosquitoes hymenoptera bees, ants common insect orders characterized by.
In this suborder the thorax is composed of the primitive 3 thoracic segments and the first abdominal segment propodeum which is firmly attached to the wingbearing portion of the thorax. Garden insects of north america by whitney cranshaw. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. These insects have a narrow junction between the thorax and the abdomen, sometimes called the wasp waist. These three suborders were once combined into the suborderorder homoptera.
This gives them the appearance of being a half wing. They suck vascular fluids with slender beaks that arise at the back of the head. Fulgoroidea planthoppers delphacidae delphacid planthoppers. Usually two pairs of wings absent in many insects such as lice, eas, ants. Among the most familiar are the aphids, cicadas, leafhoppers, and scale insects. The hemiptera are called true bugs because everyone entomologists included tend to call all insects bugs. Leafhoppers, planthoppers, treehoppers, cicadas, aphids, psyllids, whiteflies, scale insects the name homoptera, derived from the greek homo meaning uniform and ptera meaning wings, refers to the uniform texture of the front wings. Information and translations of homoptera in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Homoptera one of the two prime divisions of hemipterous insects founded by latreille in 1817. Homoptera is a suborder of order hemiptera that is considered by some taxonomists to be. Proper usage and audio pronunciation of the word suborder homoptera. The second apparent first abdominal segment is greatly restricted and forms the pedicel which connects the propodeum with the rest of the abdomen the.
Judging by their common features, this suborder is probably derived from. There are about 6000 described species in australia, ranging in size from 1 to 110 millimetres in length. Order homopteraaphids, plant and leafhoppers, psyllids and whiteflies. Unlike aphids and their kin homoptera, suborder sternorrhyncha, leafhoppers and their relatives have tiny, bristlelike antennae and are thus sometimes called short. Coleoptera beetles, weevils life cycle complete metamorphosis. Paraphyly of homoptera there was a longstanding tradition to treat the homoptera and heteroptera as separate groups usually having each the rank of order or as suborders within hemiptera e.
Information about suborder homoptera in the dictionary, synonyms and antonyms. Homoptera definition, etymology and usage, examples and. Hemiptera comes from the greek words hemi, meaning half, and pteron, meaning wing. Their leaping ability is an important diagnostic character. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Common true bugs and related insects orders hemiptera and. Homoptera are sometimes treated as an order, equivalent to hemiptera, with sternorrhyncha and auchenorrhyncha as suborders. Hemiptera in its original sense included all the insects with piercingsucking mouthparts, except for the sucking lice included groups were named later. The four orders psocoptera, phthiraptera, hemiptera, and thysanoptera that. All members of the suborder homoptera have piercingsucking mouthparts and feed by withdrawing sap from vascular plants. General summary of homoptera university of california. In addition, the embioptera and zoraptera are not discussed at all in this course. When it belongs to the order hemiptera the true bugs.
Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Cicadidae cicadas nymphs live underground where they feed on the roots of trees and shrubs. Two suborders divide the members of the order hymenoptera. Many homopterans cause injuries or destruction to plants, including fruit trees and grain crops, and can be vectors of plant diseases. Sternorrhyncha, auchenorrhyncha, coleorrhyncha and heteroptera. This stage is repeated a varying number of times, depending on species, until hormonal changes cause the larvae to pupate.
This group of insects is very large, with around 75,000 species worldwide. Order hemiptera suborder homoptera ent 425 general entomology. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that. Cicadellidae leafhoppers this is the largest family of. Apr 14, 2017 two suborders divide the members of the order hymenoptera. The proboscis is shorter than that found in true bugs suborder heteroptera, and it emerges near the ventral posterior margin of the head capsule opistognathous. It is difficult to generalize about the biology of these insects. Curriuclum developed by david e whiting, extension consumer horticulture specialist retired, colorado state university. Ppt homoptera powerpoint presentation free to view id. Characteristics the insects in this order are extremely diverse in their size, shape and colour. The order is presently more usually divided into four or more suborders, after it was established that the families grouped together as homoptera are not as closely related as had previously been.
Have piercingsucking mouthparts and feed by withdrawing sap from vascular plants. Hemiptera used to be divided into two groups, heteroptera true bugs and homoptera cicadas, leafhoppers, planthoppers, spittle bugs, aphids, psylloids, scale insects, and whiteflies, treated variously as suborders or orders. The suborder apocrita includes ants, bees, and wasps. Homoptera subclass pterygota, order hemiptera suborder of bugs, in which the head capsule is not continuous ventrally behind the mouthparts. Homoptera, derived from the greek homo meaning uniform and ptera meaning wings, refers to the uniform texture of the front wings.
It contains a very large number of bugs of the greatest diversity in form, normally with large wings, and hemielytra of like texture throughout whence the name, which are usually folded in a slanting direction. Many of these are of minor importance and are studied only from the standpoint of. Pdf homoptera and heteroptera comprise a large insect assemblage, the hemiptera. Others consider the heteroptera hemiptera and hompotera as separate orders. They are also known as jumping plant lice, and many of them deform leaves or cause plants to form galls there are more than 4,000 species in the superfamily aphidoidea and these are the insects known as aphids, plant lice, greenfly and blackfly. The main characteristics of homoptera and formicidae which favor trophobiotic interactions, such as honeydew excretion by sapsucking insects, ant attendance and physiological needs of both insects groups, are discussed. Homoptera synonyms, homoptera pronunciation, homoptera translation, english dictionary definition of homoptera. These two orders were then combined into the single order hemiptera by many authorities, with homoptera and heteroptera classified as suborder s. The suborder contains just one family, the peloridiidae, and this contains just 30 species. Leafhoppers, planthoppers, treehoppers, cicadas, aphids, psyllids, whiteflies, scale insects.
Cicadoidea cicadidae cicadas, locusts membracidae treehoppers cercopidae spittlebugs cicadellidae leafhoppers superfamily. Hemiptera true bugs, stink bugs, shield bugs, squash. The earlier work was based on nuclear dna, but more recent phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial dna suggest. Insect classification insect taxonomy hein bijlmakers. Many people refer to anything small that crawls on the ground as a bug, and indeed many insects have the word bugin their name, such as ladybug and lightningbug both are actually beetles. Homoptera, stating that the characters used for distinguish it. Heteroptera comes form the greek words hetero, which means different, and ptera, which means wings. I prefer to go in the opposite order, because the more advanced orders are more commonly. Insects and diseases of woody plants of the central rockies by dr. Ent 425 general entomology resource library compendium. Examples of beneficial species occur in almost every insect order, and considerable information on morphology and habits has been assembled. Hemiptera and thysanoptera are sister groups within paraneoptera.
With the cicadas are the leafhoppers, treehoppers and froghoppers, all active insects. This means that a certain insect could be a pest in one situation, but the same insect would be neutral in another situation. The name heteroptera, derived from the greek heteroem meaning different and ptera meaning wings, refers to the fact that the texture of the front wings is different near the base leathery than at the apex membranous. Whether an insect species is a pest depends on the situation. That is a loose term, whereas the true bugs are just those contained within the insect order hemiptera. Apr 12, 2017 have piercingsucking mouthparts and feed by withdrawing sap from vascular plants. As nymphs, they live underground and feed on the roots of trees and shrubs. Insect orders with a complete life cycle conventionally, insect orders are studied from those which are considered to be the most primitive, progressing through those which are more advanced ies, moths, bees, and beetles. Common true bugs and related insects orders hemiptera and homoptera. Order homoptera hoppers samewing piercing sucking beak from base of head adult and nymph. The range of size and shape of homopterans is great. Homoptera, order of plantfeeding insects with membranous wings and piercing, sucking mouthparts. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience.
289 1152 190 1065 369 1386 1457 5 273 1299 681 998 378 1022 1264 204 23 671 623 1312 685 656 749 851 631 469 1426 880 478 1477 820 604 967 621 964 1155 150 224 1066 1055 713 774 43 881 528 1167 1307 685 1485